The government offers 100 pesos (equivalent to one American dollar) for the scalps of Native peoples. Seizing this opportunity, James Johnson fires at close range a cannon loaded with musket balls, nails, and pieces of glass into a group of unarmed Apache women, children, and men who are trading with settlers. He then proceeds to kill and scalp all 20 of them. (https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/archive/scalping-in-america-AvU3W-1ae0W3AjR4BHCvEg) (“List of Indian massacres”).